Venezuela is a Republic which forms the northernmost coast of South America, along the Caribbean Sea. It is bounded to the west by Colombia and to the southeast and south by Guyana and Brazil. Most of the Spanish-speaking population live in the towns and cities along the coast.
In the north-west a spur of the Andes mountain range runs south-west to north-east. The River Orinoco divides the country: north of the river are the undulating plains of the Llanos; south are the Guiana Highlands.
The climate ranges from warm temperate to tropical: temperatures varying little throughout the year; rainfall varies little, and is plentiful.
In the Llanos area are cattle farms: herds being moved across the plains. Consequently, Venezuela is almost self-sufficient in meat. Sugar cane and coffee are grown for export.
Petroleum and gas, mainly from the Lake Maracaibo region, account for the majority of export earnings.
Capital of Venezuela is Caracas.
Currency of Venezuela is the Bolivar.
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