Sankt Gallen Beer of Japan: Black Ivory Coffee and Elephants (Elephas maximus indicus) in Thailand

The name Sankt Gallen calls to mind:

• The Irish saint;

• The Swiss canton and its capital;

• The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization World Heritage Site.

Its fame derives from:

• The hermitage built in 612 near Lake Constance and the River Steinach by the northern Ireland-born monk (550? - October 16, 646?) subsequently canonized as Saint Gall (Sankt Gallen in Swiss);

• The monastery constructed around 720 by Abbot Othmar (689 - November 16, 759);

• The settlement populated around 954;

• The territory re-organized as a semi-sovereign canton in 1803.

Convenient geography and copious resources ensure the survival of the vibrant canton and city. Unique legacies explain the monastery's UNESCO World Heritage Site status since 1983.  

The emerald isle accommodates mysteries and solutions. Enigmas and resolutions are memorialized in Ireland's architecture, art, crafts, culture, dances, graveyards, language, literature, and textiles. They can be found in aural, oral, and visual forms. Some of the most informative sources come from such sight-based expressions as illustrated and non-illuminated manuscripts. Access does not necessarily entail albeit welcome travel to Éire. Irish writings exist elsewhere because of the adventurous intelligence of the Irish people throughout space and time.

• For example, the oldest known written records relating to brewing beer find themselves preserved in Sankt Gallen's World Heritage Site-protected Abbey.

Knowledge of that fact indeed is the inspiration for the naming of the Sankt Gallen Brewery … in Japan!

Atsugi and environs accommodate the operational needs of:

• Anritsu Corporation headquarters;

• Iiyama Kannan Shingon Buddhist temple;

• Kanagawa Institute of Technology;

• Nissan Technical Center;

• Odakyū Odawara Electric Railway Line's Hon-Atsugi Station;

• Shoin and Tokyo Polytechnic Universities;

• Sony's Atsugi Technology Centers;

• Tanzawa-Ōyama Quasi-National Park;

• Tokyo University of Agriculture Botanical Garden;

• United States Naval Air Facility Atsugi of Ayase and Yamato.

Montane waters specifically explain Atsugi's status as Sankt Gallen Brewery's operations base. Successful production additionally reflects:

• Business smarts of founder Mitsuo Iwamoto, craft brewing trainee in California and dim sum restaurateur in Rippongi;

• Entrepreneurial expertise of University of Massachusetts-educated elder son Kozo;

• Inventive genius of younger son Nobuhisa;

• Savvy publicity of Miki Nakagawa.

All Sankt Gallen Brewery staff-people find enjoyable, profitable outlets in creating and marketing stouts. Stouts get their name from the dark strength and subtle bitterness of roasted barley or malt with:

• Hops;

• Water;

• Yeast.

Processing subtleties inspire sub-categories within stouts, such as:

• Baltics, with cool fermentations;

• Chocolates, with chocolate-colored kilned or roasted malts;

• Cream milk sweets, with lactose;

• Imperials, with 9+% alcohol contents;

• Oatmeals, with 30% oat contents;

• Oysters, with saltwater delicacies as chasers or ingredients.

Sankt Gallen Brewery makes specialty stouts. A stout record must be the selling out in less than 24 hours of Un, Kono Kuro (“This is black,” “S**t beer”) on April 1, 2013. 

The April Fools Day release counts among the world's coffee stouts. Bitter, dry coffee stouts depend upon super-dark roasted malts. Brewers sometimes emphasize coffee-like flavors and looks by adding ground coffee. Others experiment with sweeter variations -- coffee cream stouts -- by adding milk sugar. Sankt Gallen Brewery goes for bittersweet balances by grinding in animal-processed coffee beans. Food and mammal specialists hypothesize that hindgut fermentation of parchment- and silver skin-encased, undigested beans influences the subsequently brewed beverage's appearance, aroma and taste by:

• Ameliorating bitterness;

• Imparting flavors from such pachyderm favorites as bananas and sugar cane.

To balance inherent bitterness with gastrointestinal-processed sweetness, Sankt Gallen coffee stouts include elephant-impacted Black Ivory Coffee beans from Chiang Saen, Thailand.

Animal-processed coffee appears high on the list of animal-rights organizations. Controversy arises over caged Asian common palm civets (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) in Indonesia and the Philippines being force-fed coffee berries. But Black Ivory Coffee owner/operator Blake Dinkin avoids criticism in regard to Golden Triangle Asian Elephant Foundation pachyderm inputs in animal coffee production. Many factors and precautions ensure that Chiang Saen's elephant coffee has the respect of activists, entrepreneurs, and researchers worldwide:

• Operations are transparent, with locals and visitors welcome to witness street-rescued elephants and elephants (trainers);

• Pachyderms get their daily food and water needs met in addition to mixed supplements of bananas, coffee berries, and sugarcane;

• There is access to 160+ acres (64.75+ hectares) of healthy forests.

The first known evidence of coffee-brewing emerges within northeast Africa's Horn. The most ancient evidence of beer-brewing exists on Iran's Zagros Mountains. The oldest tell-all writings on beer-brewing find themselves preserved in Switzerland's Sankt Gallen Abbey. The two brews nowadays have admirers worldwide even though cultivation only overlaps between the Tropic of Cancer's 23°North latitude and the Tropic of Capricorn's 23°South latitude.

• One of the countries that cultivates coffee and produces beer and coffee therefore is Thailand.
• One of the countries that cannot grow coffee but does utilize both drinks contrastingly is Japan.

Minds that anciently envisioned beverages from berries and cereals may find their counterparts in those who imagine record-selling drinks by fine-tuning the two traditions.  

In memory of Raja the Baby Elephant on the Indonesian Island of Sumatra and with respect for Raju the Elderly Elephant in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Saint Gall (c. 550 – c. 646): Irish disciple and one of 12 companions of Columbanus (Irish: Columbán, 543 – 21 November 615) on mission from Ireland to the continent
municipality of Andelsbuch, Vorarlberg state, western Austria: Wolfgang Sauber (Xenophon), CC BY SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Andelsbuch_Pfarrkirche_-_Fenster_4_Gallus.jpg

Cathedral towers in St. Gallen Abbey complex
skyline of old city sector of St. Gallen: Christian Bickel (Fingalo), CC BY SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:St_Gallen_Kathedrale_Türme.jpg

Switzerland's Sankt Gallen Abbey, UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1983, houses old manuscripts, including oldest known writings concerning beer brewing.
Austrian architect Peter Thumb (Dec. 18, 1681-March 4, 1766) built the Abbey Library in Rococo style 1758-1767: chippee, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stiftsbibliothek_St._Gallen_1.jpg

confluence of Nakatsu and Sagami rivers in Atsugi, a city of three rivers
Atsugi, central Kanagawa Prefecture, southern Kantō region, Honshu, Japan: Oos, CC BY SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nakatsu-river_to_Sagami-river.jpg

Abundant, nearby water supply is critical for beer brewing success.
Atsugi is a city of three rivers, with Sagamigawa, Nakatsugawa, and Koayugawa rivers running through it in the east.
Koayu River, part of Atsugi's tri-riverine network: Oos, CC BY SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Koayu-river.jpg

Sankt Gallen Brewery line of stout beers
sweet vanilla stout: Zanpei, CC BY ND 2.0, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/quimix/5438271600/

Sankt Gallen coffee stouts feature Black Ivory Coffee beans from Chiang Saen, northwestern Thailand.
Black Ivory Coffee creator and owner Blake Dinkin with his company's coffee beans: newsonline, CC BY 2.0, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/55361146@N08/8942408106/

view across Mekong River from Chiang Saen, site of Black Ivory Coffee: left across river is Myanmar and to right is Laos.
Coffee production flourishes in opium's Golden Triangle area in Thailand: Heiko S (hko_s), via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/hko_s/7787975224/

Greetings from a baby elephant in Anantara Golden Triangle Elephant Camp, which fully funds Golden Triangle Asian Elephant Foundation, whose elephants are responsible for Black Ivory Coffee.
Chiang Saen, Chiang Rai Province, northwestern Thailand: Casper Moller (casparmoller), CC BY 2.0, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/caspermoller/2401712440/

Elephant Family. "Baby Raja" (0:39). ~ Afterword: "Baby Raja died all alone, chained to a tree, crying out for his mum.". YouTube, June 20, 2013, @ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N8iLDJwXmoI

PatrynWorldLatestNews. "50 years a Slave: Raju The Elephant Cried Tears Of Joy After Being FREED" (8:51). YouTube, July 7, 2014, @ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhrjTFSDqTU

landscapes in Atsugi, headquarters of Japan's Sankt Gallen Brewery: Nanasawa Shinrin-koen (forest park)
Atsugi, central Kanagawa Prefecture, southern Kantō region, Honshu, Japan: ISAKA Yoji (cory), CC BY SA 2.1, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nanasawa_06e5956sx.jpg

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