Wizzley

Banded Palm Civets (Hemigalus derbyanus): Ringtails of Borneo, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand

by DerdriuMarriner

Banded palm civets are not among the spotted civets. They have musky-smelling, striped bodies. They especially like living near palm trees on insular and mainland Southeast Asia.

Africa's and Asia's native wildlife includes civets.

Many people know of civets as sources of fragrant, musky perfume stabilizers. Others link civets with wildlife whose fashion statements generally do not make it to the runway: spots and stripes together. Scientists look to additional hallmarks since all civets have scent glands but not all have spots and stripes.

For example, banded palm civets mix fox-like muzzles, mongoose-like limbs, raccoon-like tails, and squirrel-like ankles on striped but unspotted bodies. In line with general civet behavior, they refrain from conflict with predatory mammals, raptors, and reptiles. They also resist preying upon vertebrates despite their scientific grouping with carnivores.

Banded palm civets tend to elude observation away from their favorite palm trees.

Banded palm civet under previous synonym of Hardwicke's hemigale (Hemigale hardwickei)

Richard Lydekker, A Handbook of the Carnivora (1896), Plate XXIX, opposite page 227
Richard Lydekker, A Handbook of the Carnivora (1896), Plate XXIX, opposite page 227

 

Southeast Asia accommodates native populations of banded palm civets. Banded palm civets can be found on islands and the mainland, at:

  • Indonesia;

  • Peninsular Malaysia;

  • Peninsular Myanmar around Bankachon in the former Tenasserim Division of the current Tanintharyi Region;

  • Peninsular Thailand.

Most banded palm civets do not frequent tiny islands. But sustainable populations in fact exist not only on bigger but also on smaller islands. For example, banded palm civets inhabit resource-rich, spacious portions of Indonesia at:

  • Kalimantan (Indonesian portion of Borneo);

  • Sumatra.

But they also live on two of the 70+ diminutive islands that make up the Indian Ocean's Mentawai Islands off the west coast of Sumatra:

  • Pagai Selatan (“South Pagai”);

  • Sipura.

 

 

Like genets and linsangs, civets avoid conflict with predators. They generally claim different niches when habitats overlap with fellow civets. For example, banded palm civets favor evergreen lowland primary rainforests with tall trees. They get accustomed to:

  • Acacia plantations;

  • Altitudes up to 1,968.5 – 3,937 feet (600 – 1,200 meters);

  • Peat swamp forests.

They get used to such protected areas as:

  • Kerinci Seblat National Park, Sumatra;

  • Kinabalu and Similajau National Parks and Poring Hot Springs, Malaysian Borneo;

  • Taman Negara National Park, Malay Peninsula;

  • World's oldest (130,000,000+ years old) rainforest at Belum-Temengor Forest Reserve, peninsular Malaysia and Thailand.

They move into degraded habitats near undisturbed forests. They never occupy secondary-growth forests.

 

banded palm civet (Hemigalus derbyanus): in captivity

Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden; Avondale neighborhood, Cincinnati, Hamilton County, southwestern Ohio
Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden; Avondale neighborhood, Cincinnati, Hamilton County, southwestern Ohio

 

Regardless of bio-geography, banded palm civets articulate recognizable behaviors and looks. They commit to low-profile life cycles and natural histories through information-sharing by sight, smell, sound, and touch over vocalizations. They communicate alertness with:

  • Attentive, rounded ears;

  • Black, forward-pointing neck back-hairs;

  • Dark-adapted, large eyes.

They convey agility with super-fast ascents, descents, jumps, and leaps on muscular, trim limbs. They display sustainability with 40 teeth and 20 curved, retractile claws for consuming orthopterans (crickets, grasshoppers, locusts) and worms. They epitomize camouflage-ability with:

  • Buff under-sides;

  • Dark eye-rings and nose-to-nape streaking;

  • Orange-white upper-sides;

  • Pale patches separating 4 – 5 transverse stripes;

  • 2 broken/unbroken nape to upper fore-limb super-stripes;

  • 2 tail-base stripes.   

 

Owston's banded palm civet (Chrotogale owstoni): sometimes Owston's civets are confused with Banded Palm Civets.

Rare Species Conservation Centre, Sandwich, Kent, South-East England
Rare Species Conservation Centre, Sandwich, Kent, South-East England

 

Outside their bio-geographical ranges, banded palm (Hemigalus derbyanus) and Owston's banded palm (Chrotogale owstoni) civets can confound less experienced wildlife-loving amateurs, collectors, and experts. But Owston's banded palm civets of China, Laos, and Vietnam claim:

  • Nape-hairs growing rump-ward in the same, not the opposite, direction as the entire coat;
  • Spots proliferating over the flanks, limbs, and neck.

Such confusion does not exist regarding other completely or partly sympatric (“same-ranging”) civet species:

  • Asian palm civets (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus);
  • Gem-faced masked palm civets (Paguma larvata);
  • Hose’s palm civets (Diplogale hosei);
  • Large Indian (Viverra zibetha), large-spotted (Viverra megaspila), and Malayan civets (Viverra tangalunga);
  • Otter civets (Cynogale bennettii);
  • Small-toothed three-striped palm civets (Arctogalidia trivirgata).

 

Hose's Palm Civet (Diplogale hosei), under synonym of Hemigale hosei: Hose's Palm Civets share homelands with Banded Palm Civets in Kayan Mentarang National Park, North Kalimantan Province, Borneo Island, Indonesia.

illustration by Joseph Smit (July 18, 1836 – November 4, 1929); Oldfield Thomas, "On Some Mammals from Mount Dulit, North Borneo."
Proceedings of the General Meetings of the Zoological Society of London (March 15, 1892), Plate XVIII, between pages 220-2
Proceedings of the General Meetings of the Zoological Society of London (March 15, 1892), Plate XVIII, between pages 220-2

 

Elusive biologies and remote bio-geographies account for unfamiliarity with banded palm civets. Captivity and domestication change a wild animal's natural routines. For example, exotic pet owners and national zoo operators estimate banded palm civet life expectancies at 20, not 10, years. But collectors and scientists know that banded palm civets grow from litter-born offspring weighing 4.41 ounces (125 grams) into:

  • Juvenile kittens seeing within 8 – 12 days and taking solid foods within 70;

  • Physically and sexually mature adults measuring 16.14 – 24.41 inches (410 – 620 millimeters) from head to rump and 10.04 – 15.08 inches (255 – 383 millimeters) from tail-base to tip and weighing 3.86 – 6.61 pounds (1.75 – 3 kilograms).

 

John Edward Gray, describer of banded palm civet (Hemigalus derbyanus) as Paradoxurus derbianus in 1837

1855 albumen print portrait of John Edward Gray; photograph attributed to Maull & Polyblank
1855 albumen print portrait of John Edward Gray; photograph attributed to Maull & Polyblank

 

It boggles the mind that the existence of banded palm civets does not represent a recent scientific discovery. The banded palm civet's formal presentation to scientists outside Asia dates back to 1837. It originates with Walsall-born Englishman John Edward Gray (February 12, 1800 – March 7, 1875), as:

  • British Museum zoologist, 1840 – 1875;

  • Publisher of 500 scientific papers.

But follow-up studies suffer from:

  • The priorities of area governments concerned about political stability, dependent upon world markets, and ensconced in agro-industrial developments;

  • The reticence of locals intent upon banded palm civet bodies for bushmeat, coats for clothing, and musk for medicine;

  • The zeal of hunters and poachers in snare-trapping the ground-dwelling, tree-foraging mammal for collectors and traders.

 

Banded Palm Civet under synonym of Hemigalea Zebra

Engraved by William Lizars (1788 - March 30, 1859) after Charles Hamilton Smith (December 26, 1776 –September 21, 1859)
Lieut.-Col. Charles Hamilton Smith, Introduction to Mammalia (1858), Plate 9, opposite page 174
Lieut.-Col. Charles Hamilton Smith, Introduction to Mammalia (1858), Plate 9, opposite page 174

Conclusion: Camaraderie with Southeast Asian wildlife in confronting emblematic challenges of 21st century

 

Banded palm civets evince subtleties of color and size as bio-geographically distinct subspecies:

  • Hemigalus derbyanus derbyanus of peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand and of Sumatra;

  • H.d. boiei of Borneo;

  • H.d. minor of Nīas and South Pagai;

  • H.d. sipora of Sipura.  

All four subspecies similarly experience:

  • Climate change and global warming;

  • Modernizing and tradition-bound interactions;

  • Urban and wildland interfaces.

The resulting environmental stress is not endured uniquely by the banded palm civet’s subspecies. Banded palm civets indeed join all of Southeast Asia’s wildlife at the forefront and sidelines of:

  • Commercial logging;

  • Eco-tourist developments;

  • Plantation agriculture;

  • Residential expansion.

Government protection, scientific research, and wildlife-lover activism lessen the trauma.

 

Deforestation in East Kalimantan Province, eastern Borneo Island, Indonesia

logging road and impacts in East Kalimantan: logged forest on the left, virgin/primary forest on the right
logging road and impacts in East Kalimantan: logged forest on the left, virgin/primary forest on the right

Acknowledgment

 

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

 

Image Credits

 

banded palm civet
Richard Lydekker, A Handbook of the Carnivora (1896), Plate XXIX, opposite page 227: Public Domain, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14819915

Banded Palm Civet (Hemigalus derbyanus) range: Chermundy/IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, species assessors and the authors of the spatial data, CC BY SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Banded_Palm_Civet_area.png

banded palm civet
Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden; Avondale neighborhood, Cincinnati, Hamilton County, southwestern Ohio: Greg Hume (Greg5030), CC BY SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Banded_palm_civet_10_2.jpg

Owston's banded palm civet (Chrotogale owstoni)
Rare Species Conservation Centre, Sandwich, Kent, South-East England: Marie Hale, CC BY 2.0, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/15016964@N02/4911084035/

Hose's Palm Civet (Diplogale hosei)
Oldfield Thomas, "On Some Mammals from Mount Dulit, North Borneo."
Proceedings of the General Meetings of the Zoological Society of London (March 15, 1892, Plate XVIII, between pages 220-221: Public Domain, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31848725

John Edward Gray, describer of banded palm civet (Hemigalus derbyanus)
1855 albumen print portrait of John Edward Gray; photograph attributed to Maull & Polyblank: Wellcome Collection, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Edward_Gray._Photograph._Wellcome_V0027572.jpg

Banded Palm Civet under synonym of Hemigalea Zebra
Lieut.-Col. Charles Hamilton Smith, Introduction to Mammalia (1858), Plate 9, opposite page 174: Public Domain, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/23098684

logging road and impacts in East Kalimantan: logged forest on the left, virgin/primary forest on the right: Aidenvironment, CC BY SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logging_road_East_Kalimantan_2005.jpg

Banded Palm Civet (Hemigalus derbyanus) under synonym of Viverra boiei
C.J. Temminck et al., Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche Overzeesche Bezittingen (1839-1844), Tab. 18, between pages 128-129: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Viverra_Boiei.jpg

Banded Palm Civet
Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova: Daderot, Public Domain (CC0 1.0), via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hemigalus_derbyanus_-_Museo_Civico_di_Storia_Naturale_Giacomo_Doria_-_Genoa,_Italy_-_DSC02708.JPG

 

Banded Palm Civet (Hemigalus derbyanus) under synonym of Viverra boiei

illustration by Aeschinus Saagmans Mulder (December 17, 1804-April 29, 1841); Jean Matthieu Kierdorff (May 24, 1803-April 18, 1882), printer
C.J. Temminck et al., Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis (1839-1844), Tab. 18, between pages 128-129
C.J. Temminck et al., Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis (1839-1844), Tab. 18, between pages 128-129

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Banded Palm Civet: collected during voyage of Odoardo Beccari (November 16, 1843 – October 25, 1920) and Marquis Giacomo Doria (November 1, 1840 - September 19, 1913) to Sarawak, Borneo.

Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova
Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova
the end which is also the beginning
the end which is also the beginning

The Living Wild by Art Wolfe ~ Available via Amazon

Art Wolfe has been photographing nature and wildlife to wide acclaim for 25 years.
Banded Palm Civets in books

Walker's Mammals of the World (2-Volume Set) ~ Available via Amazon

Thoroughly describes every genus of the class Mammalia known to have lived in the last 5,000 years.
Walker's Mammals of the World (2-Volume Set)

Mammals of the World: A Checklist by Andrew Duff and Ann Lawson ~ Available via Amazon

This is the first checklist of mammals of the world to include both English and scientific names of every species as well as a brief summary of distribution and habitat.
Mammals of the World: A Checklist

Mt Kinabalu, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia: photo by Robert Francis ~ Available via AllPosters

One of Banded Palm Civet majestic homelands
Mt Kinabalu, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia

Me and my purrfectly purrfect Maine coon kittycat, Augusta "Gusty" Sunshine

Gusty and I thank you for reading this article and hope that our product selection interests you; Gusty Gus receives favorite treats from my commissions.
DerdriuMarriner, All Rights Reserved
DerdriuMarriner, All Rights Reserved
Updated: 10/01/2024, DerdriuMarriner
 
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