Fauns and Faun Mythology

The first fauns were mentioned in Greek and Roman mythology.

They lived in forests and in Greek mythology were associated with the Greek God Pan. Pan was the god of fields and forests and was connected to fertility. He is also the creator of the pan flute - an ancient musical instrument made from several pieces of reed or bamboo joined together. 

At some point fauns were connected to satyrs, although originally they were different creatures. Satyrs were also companions of Pan and depicted with goat-like ears and tails. They were loves of wine, music, and women.

In Roman mythology there was a horned god called Faunus and a goddess (either his sister or wife) called Fauna. The fauns were their followers.  

Fauns in later literature appear as human from head to waist and goat from the waist down, except that they also have goat horns on their heads. Quite strange really!

Generally they are connected to nature, particularly the forest, and seem to be some kind of spirit that can be helpful to human beings, or a hindrance, unpredictably. Travelers were said to encounter them in lonely places, far from human habitation. Their tales tended to inspire fear.  

So I suppose you never know what kind of faun you'll be meeting!

L'après-midi d'un faune ("The afternoon of a faun") is a poem by the French symbolist poet, Stéphane Mallarmé. Written in 1987, the poem is a description of a faun's sensual experiences with several nymphs.

Claude Debussy created his famous prelude based on this poem. It features the flute introducing the faun's theme with other woodwinds supporting and harmonized by muted horns, harp, and strings.

The piece was also made into a ballet, Afternoon of a Faun, by Vaslav Nijinsky, who danced the part of the faun himself. In the original staging of the ballet the dancers were presented as part of a large tableau reminiscent of an ancient Greek vase painting The production was controversial, although Nijinsky's performance as the faun was considered extraordinary. 

A faun is featured in C. S. Lewis' incredible fantasy series, The Chronicles of Narnia, particularly in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. This faun, Mr. Tumnus, is the first creature Lucy Pevensie meets on her initial visit to the magical land of Narnia, which she enters through a special wardrobe. The series is written for children, but for adults too. Indeed I remember reading this book as a child and realizing I should re-read it as an adult to see what more understanding I would gain.

Back to the faun, though. Mr. Tumnus is a key character in the book The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. In fact C. S. Lewis apparently said that his first image of Narnia was in the form of a faun carrying an umbrella and parcels through a snowy wood. That faun was Mr. Tumnus.

Mr. Tumnus befriends the young Lucy, and appears to be a kind, gentle soul. However, when he plays his flute Lucy falls asleep. He then wakes her up and admits that he had ulterior motives (handing her over to the White Witch) when he invited her to his home for tea.

In the book, and the animated movie directed by Bill Melendez that I have watched numerous times with my daughter, Mr. Tumnus is portrayed as a kind faun, forced by the White Witch to try to capture any humans who enter Narnia, but innocent.

In a later movie version, Mr. Tumnus is played by James McAvoy whose performance elicited some controversy, with some suggesting his faun was less innocent and somewhat suspect in his relationship to Lucy. In my opinion, James McAvoy did a great job (love him as an actor anyway!) and his Mr. Tumnus was a delightful faun.

Now this faun is really quite weird! Actually, the whole story is weird - it's called "dark fantasy" and it's a Mexican film set in Spain in 1944, during the early Francoist period after the Spanish Civil War. It's definitely influenced by the magical realism genre, although I'm not a fan of that. But I did love this movie - perhaps because of the faun!

Anyway, this faun is not the classic half-man half-goat creature, but rather comes from the imagination of the writer, Guillermo del Toro. The faun, which del Toro denies is actually the god Pan, despite the title of the movie in English - it's El laberinto del fauno, ("The Labyrinth of the faun") in it's original Spanish, is a goat-faced creature that appears to be formed from earth and moss and tree bark.

It's not clear to me whether this faun was originally more human/goat like and became this way through the course of the tale. That's certainly possible since the movie spans a long time period and involves a transfer from the fairy tale underworld to the human world. In any case, this faun is a strange mixture of sympathetic and devious, facilitating and yet somehow hindering the course of the girl in returning to her eternal life as a Princess in the underworld. 

On reflection, I really have to watch this movie again to understand this faun!