Pench National Park in India

The forests are a part of the Central Indian Highlands which James Forsyth has written about so much. The tracts that extended to more than five thousand sq. km. are now fragmented. Wildlife conservation efforts have helped in saving these precious jewels that we have inherited.

Pench is a wonderful tiger reserve with unique wildlife and is situated at “Seoni Hills” in the district of Seoni in Madhya Pradesh. These Hills also find reference in the book “The Highlands of Central India” written by Capt: James Forsyth.

Tiger is the keystone species here and other wild mammals, reptiles, and insects are as exciting to see during the tiger safari in the park. The birdlife at Pench has yet to be explored and no checklist has been made so far. A large number of wetland species can be seen in winters at Totlah Doh Dam built on the River Pench which is the lifeline of the habitat.

The tiger reserve is now very famous for wildlife watching and birding tourism. A tiger safari offers sightings of Indian Tiger, Bison, Leopard, Sloth Bear, Sambar Deer, Nilgai, Spotted Deer, Wild Dogs, Barking Deer, Wild Boars, and Langurs. Indian wolf is often seen in the periphery of the tiger reserve. There are many nocturnal creatures like mongoose, porcupine, Indian civets, ratel, and many birds like nightjars and some owls like a mottled wood owl. These can be seen in night safaris outside the park as they are not allowed within the park confines.

For management purposes, the reserve has been divided into ranges. These are Karmajhiri, Kurai, and Gumtara. These ranges are subject to extensive patrolling by the forest staff in order to prevent poaching and wood logging. Adjoining the National Park lies the Mowgli Wildlife Sanctuary which adds to the forest cover.

The park is divided into Core and Buffer zones each of which receives varying degrees of protection. The core is a completely inviolate zone while the buffer is subject to minimal activity. Tourism takes place in the core area on limited jungle roads. Only jeep safaris are allowed in the park and trekking on foot is prohibited.

Pench is rich in birdlife though most of it is unexplored. The striking number of avian species makes this one of the most potential birding destinations in India. Due to the presence of the Totlah Doh Dam in the park, there is great scope for watching wetland as well as forest birds. A large number of migrating species arrive here in winters.

Some note able avian species are:

• Malabar Pied Hornbill
• Shama
• Indian Pitta
• Eurasian Hobby
• Hume’s warbler
• Indian Scimitar Babbler
• Twany Babbler
• Booted Eagle
• Osprey
• Crested Serpent Eagle
• Changeable Hawk Eagle
• White Naped Woodpecker
• Black Rumpled Flame Back
• White-Eyed Buzzard
• Jungle Owlet
• Indian Scops Owl
• Iora
• Yellow Eyed Babbler
• Jungle Babbler
• Tickell’s Flycatcher
• Black Naped Monarch
• Asian Paradise Flycatcher
• Black Drongo
• White Bellied Drongo
• Racket Tailed Drongo
• Golde Oriole
• Black Headed Oriole
• Grey Hornbill
• Shikra
• Spotted Owlet
• Red Jungle Fowl
• Painted Spurfowl
• Red Spurfowl
• Grey Francolin
• Brahminy Duck
• Northern Pintail
• Cotton Pygmy Goose
• Little Grebe
• Lesser Whistling Teal
• Wooly Necked Stork
• Open Billed Stork
• Black Headed Ibis
• Red Headed Ibis
• Wryneck
• Pariah Kite

About a three-day visit is required to enjoy birding in this preserve. The best season is winter whence the migrants arrive.

Pench Forests are tropical dry deciduous mix types. The mixed forest topography offers a large variety of fruiting trees, herbs, and shrubs besides grasses. This results in an excellent food factor in which the herbivores thrive. Some of the noted trees found in the park are:

• Saaj
• Sagwan
• Mahua
• Lendyia
• Bahera
• Harra
• Forest Hill Range
• Tendu
• Salai
• Bel
• Amla
• Berry
• Tinsa
• Bhilma
• Amaltas
• Dhok or Palas
• Arjun
• Sarteli
• Mokha
• Skiras,
• Bija
• Char
• Bhaman,
• Khair

A large number of flowering trees are found at Pench. Some of the herbs include wild tulsi, touch me not, goat weed, and little glory to name a few. Bamboo is found on hill slopes but is not abundant.

Earlier in the park accommodation was available only in the forest rest house within the core area. After some time more rooms were built nearby. But all these rooms were subject to availability with preference going to public sector employees.

Gradually as tourism increased more accommodations began to come up. Initially, only budget hotels were established. Later on, luxury resorts at Pench with modern amenities were established. Tourism increased fourfold in the nineties and consequently the accommodations also increased.

All the hotels in Pench National Park are situated in the periphery near the Turia Gate. The tariff ranges from budget to five-star the latter are owned by big hotel chains. Most of the resorts arrange tiger safaris and also assist in gate bookings for excursions.