The business paradigm changed with the arrival of computing systems and later on the advent of the Internet. While new concepts were emerging the application was gradual as the corresponding web development took its time.
The businesses were aiming to fully computerize and automate various functions or processes. This was to be followed by the centralization of all aspects of tangible functions for easy management and quick data retrieval. Stand-alone computers aided by application software were not enough for unified systems but the integration of networking systems brought about a revolution.
Management Information Systems (MIS) soon became indispensable for enterprise management. Information could thus be supplied to the hierarchy of CEO, managers, and executives with requisite permissions within an organization.
Comments
No stand-alone computers will never go out they are excellent for personal use with Internet connectivity.
The second sentence in the second paragraph indicates that "Stand-alone computers aided by application software were not enough for unified systems but the integration of networking systems brought about a revolution."
The first sentence in the second paragraph under your second subheading, What are application softwares? Business Process Management using MIS, mentions that "Since application software is not of much use as a stand-alone, hence they should integrate with the MIS completely."
Will stand-alone computers become archaic, something somewhere in a cobwebby, dusty back-room or in a technology museum?