Sankt Gallen Beer of Japan: Black Ivory Coffee and Elephants (Elephas maximus indicus) in Thailand
The English translation of the French original in the comment box below is as follows:
"(1) Sumatran Elephant (Elephas sumatranus): It resembles the Asian mainland elephant in the general shape of the skull; but the free part of the intermaxillary bones is much shorter and narrower; the nasal cavities are much less wide; the space between the eye orbits is narrower; the posterior part of the skull, on the contrary, is wider than in the mainland species.
By the shape of their crowns, the molars are closer to the Asian species than to the one peculiar to Africa; that is, their crowns offer the shape of wavy ribbons rather than diamonds: but these ribbons are the same width as those seen on the crowns of the teeth of the African Elephant; they are consequently less numerous than in the mainland Asian elephant. The dimensions of these ribbons, in the anteroposterior direction, compared to those taken in the transverse and lateral directions, are in a ratio of 3 or 4 to 1; whereas in the mainland elephant, they are as 4 or 6 to 1. The total length of six of these ribbons, in the new Sumatra species, as well as in the African one, is about 12 centimeters, whereas this length is only 8 to 10 centimeters in the mainland Asian species.
The other osteological forms are pretty much the same in the three species; but there is a difference in the number of bones making up the skeleton, as the attached comparative table proves."
DerdriuMarriner, Jul 8, 2026