The medical side isn't my area of expertise, but I do know that the sheer scale was unprecedented. Great leaps in medical science were made just in coping with the volume and variety of injuries.
I found this, which may be illuminating: Factors Influencing Rehabilitation of British Soldiers After World War I. I also have a vague recollection of seeing a documentary, which said that strides were made in psychology in treating the shell-shocked and other mental traumas.
Some biggies though:
- Blood transfusions were quickly made viable during WW1
- Research and funding were poured into the prosthetic limb industry (it had been little more than a cottage industry thing before)
- Harold Gilles is the big plastic surgeon hero of the First World War in Britain. Archibald McIndoe was his pupil.








